This study was conducted as part of the “Genetic Diversity of Animal Resources” research program and conducted over approximately eight years beginning in 2018. A total of 513 Ussuri pit vipers (Gloydius ussuriensis) collected from inland and island regions across the country were analyzed using genetic analysis and comparative morphological examination.

  Based on genetic structure and morphological differences, the research team classified the populations inhabiting Baengnyeongdo Island and Jejudo Island as distinct endemic species. These were newly named the Baengnyeong Ussuri Pit Viper (Gloydius ussuriensis baengnyeongensis) and the Jeju Ussuri Pit Viper (Gloydius ussuriensis jejuensis), respectively.

  The analysis revealed clear genetic differentiation among inland, Jeju Island, and Baengnyeongdo Island populations. Compared to inland populations, the Baengnyeongdo population exhibited longer body and tail lengths as well as a higher number of ventral scales*. In contrast, the Jeju Island population showed relatively fewer ventral scales, indicating distinct morphological characteristics.

* Number of ventral scales: Ussuri pit viper (average 148, range 143–156), Baengnyeong Ussuri pit viper (average 152, range 148–162), Jeju Ussuri pit viper (average 143, range 138–150)

  Until now, all three pit viper species known to inhabit Korea have also been distributed outside the country, and no endemic reptile species had previously been reported in Korea. This study represents the first scientific confirmation of endemic reptile species in Korea, marking a significant milestone in national biodiversity research.

  Approximately 30 species of reptiles—including snakes, lizards, and turtles—are known to inhabit the Korean Peninsula. Aside from the two newly identified endemic pit viper species, the only other endemic reptile species is the Smith's Skink(Plestiodon coreensis), which is found exclusively in North Korea.

  The research findings will be published in the February 2026 issue of Journal of Species Research and are scheduled to be included in the National Species List of Korea.

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